Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Orthovanadate Crystal (Nd:YVO4)
Nd:YVO4 (neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate) is a high-performance laser crystal for diode pumping, especially low/medium powers. Higher pump absorption and stimulated-emission cross-section than Nd:YAG, combined with LBO/BBO/KTP, enables efficient doubling for all-solid-state NIR, green, blue and UV lasers. Applications include machinery/materials processing, spectroscopy, wafer inspection, displays, medical testing, printing and storage. Diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 is described as rapidly replacing water-cooled ion/lamp-pumped lasers, especially compact/single-longitudinal-mode systems. Offered sizes reach φ35×50mm3 for YVO4 and φ20×20mm3 for high-quality Nd:YVO4; monthly supply is10,000 elements from3×3×0.5mm3 to4×4×10mm3, with prompt delivery/competitive prices. Source Sellmeier equations are n02=3.77834+0.069736/(λ2-0.04724)-0.010813λ2 and ne2=4.59905+0.110534/(λ2-0.04813)-0.012676λ2. Pump absorption is stated as five times Nd:YAG over a broader band, peaking near808nm to match high-power diodes. Smaller crystals support compact lasers; lower diode power for a given energy extends diode life. Absorption bandwidth is2.4–6.3times Nd:YAG, improving efficiency and diode choice/cost. Stimulated-emission cross-sections are large at1064/1342nm: along a,1064nm is about four times Nd:YAG;1342nm reaches18times Nd:YAG at1.3um, giving much higher CW1342nm efficiency and strong single-line excitation at both wavelengths. Uniaxial Nd:YVO4 emits linear polarization, avoiding birefringent doubling interference; the source contrasts Nd:YAG as a highly symmetric tetragonal crystal. Although fluorescence lifetime is about2.7times shorter, high pump quantum efficiency yields high slope efficiency in a suitable cavity. Referenced comparisons include σ, absorption α, lifetimeτ, absorption lengthLa, thresholdPth, pump quantum efficiencyη and diode-pumped output powers.
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Overview
Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Atomic Density [Nd1.0%] | 1.26x10²⁰ atoms/cm³ (Nd1.0%) |
| Crystal Structure | Tetragonal, Space Group D₄ₕ-I4/amd; a=b=7.1193A, c=6.2892A |
| Density | 4.22g/cm³ |
| Mohs Hardness | 4-5 (Approximately Glass) |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (300K) | αₐ=4.43x10⁻⁶/K; α_c=11.37x10⁻⁶/K |
| Thermal Conductivity (300K) | //C:0.0523W/cm/K; ⊥C:0.0510W/cm/K |
| Crystal Characteristics - Emission Wavelength | 1064nm,1342nm |
| Crystal Characteristics - Thermo-Optic Coefficient (300K) | dnₒ/dT=8.5×10⁻⁶/K; dnₑ/dT=2.9×10⁻⁶/K |
| Crystal Characteristics - Fluorescence Lifetime [1%] | 90μs(1%) |
| Crystal Characteristics - Absorption Coefficient [810nm] | 31.4cm⁻¹@810nm |
| Crystal Characteristics - Intrinsic Loss [1064nm] | 0.02cm⁻¹@1064nm |
| Crystal Characteristics - Gain Bandwidth [1064nm] | 0.96nm@1064nm |
| Crystal Characteristics - Polarized Laser Radiation | π Polarization; Parallel to Optical Axis (C Axis) |
| Crystal Characteristics - Diode-Pumped Optical-to-Optical Efficiency | >60% |
| Available Concentration Range | 0.1-3% |
| Concentration Control Accuracy [>=1%] | +/-0.1% |
| Concentration Control Accuracy [<1%] | +/-0.05% |
| Output [1064nm; Nd:YVO₄ Crystal; Dimensions 3x3x1mm³; Pump Power 850mW] | 350mW |
| Output [1064nm; Crystal Nd:YVO₄; Dimensions 3x3x5mm³; Pump Power 15W] | 6W |
| Output [532nm TEM₀₀;Nd:YVO₄3x3x1mm³;KTP2x2x5mm³;Pump890mW] | 76mW |
| Output [532nm TEM₀₀;Nd:YVO₄3x3x1mm³;KTP2x2x5mm³;Pump50mW] | 2.5mW |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Wavefront Distortion [633nm] | <λ/4 |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Dimensional Tolerance | (W±0.1mm)x(H±0.1mm)x(L+0.2mm/-0.1) |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Clear Aperture Dimension | >90% central area |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Flatness [633 nm] | λ/8 |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Flatness [633nm; Thickness Less Than 2mm] | λ/4 |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Surface Finish [U.S. Military Standard] | 10/5 |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Parallelism | Better Than 20 arc seconds |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Perpendicularity | 5 arc minutes |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Angular Tolerance | <±0.5° |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - Antireflection Coating R [1064nm] | R<0.2% |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - HR Coating R [1064nm] | R>99.8% |
| Quality Assurance Specifications - HR Coating T [808nm] | T>95% |
| Quality Warranty Period | Normal Use within One Year |
Key Features
Datasheet
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