KDP/DKDP Nonlinear Crystal
KDP/DKDP crystals serve large-aperture, high-power lasers for harmonic generation, electro-optic modulation, Q-switches and Pockels cells. KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KH₂PO₄) is an early practical functional crystal with large nonlinear coefficient/high damage threshold. DKDP (potassium dideuterium phosphate, KD₂PO₄) replaces H with D by growth in heavy water, retaining KDP advantages while reducing IR absorption and improving electro-optics. They are distinct isostructural related crystals, with different formulas, half-wave voltages and absorption; DKDP is a specific high-performance material rather than a simple upgrade. The source claims inertial-confinement fusion needs meter-scale optics and DKDP is the only solution-grown crystal combining such size, high uniformity, low absorption and suitable electro-optic coefficient. 晶众光电 states deuteration consistently>98%, important for low absorption/high damage threshold near2200cm⁻¹. Both crystals are water-soluble and polished surfaces readily deliquesce; the supplier recommends clean/dry use below50%RH and desiccated storage or its sealed metal package. For specifications, selection/customization, provide wavelength, size, power and conditions for confirmation.
Overview
Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Orientation Accuracy | < 10 arcmin |
| Clear Aperture Dimension | > 90% |
| Parallelism | < 20 arcsec |
| Perpendicularity | < 5 arcmin |
| Surface Quality [S/D] | 20/10, S/D |
| Flatness [632.8nm] | < λ/4 @ 632.8nm |
| Optical Damage Threshold [KDP Crystal; 1064nm; 10ns] | > 2 GW/cm² |
| Optical Damage Threshold [DKDP Crystal; 1064nm; 10ns] | > 1 GW/cm² |
| Extinction Ratio | 30dB |
| Electro-Optic Coefficient r₄₁ [KDP Crystal] | 8.8 pm/V |
| Electro-Optic Coefficient r₆₃ [KDP Crystal] | 10.3 pm/V |
| Electro-Optic Coefficient r₄₁ [DKDP Crystal] | 8.8 pm/V |
| Electro-Optic Coefficient r₆₃ [DKDP Crystal] | 25 pm/V |
| Nonlinear Coefficient d₃₆ [KDP Crystal] | 0.44 pm/V |
| Nonlinear Coefficient d₃₆ [DKDP Crystal] | 0.40 pm/V |
| Chemical Formula [KDP Crystal] | KH₂PO₄ |
| Chemical Formula [DKDP Crystal] | KD₂PO₄ |
| Crystal Structure [KDP Crystal] | Tetragonal Crystal System, 42m |
| Crystal Structure [DKDP Crystal] | Tetragonal Crystal System, 42m |
| Lattice Parameters [KDP Crystal] | a = 7.448 Å, c = 6.977 Å |
| Lattice Parameters [DKDP Crystal] | a = 7.4697 Å, c = 6.966 Å |
| Optical Symmetry [KDP Crystal] | Negative Uniaxial (nₒ>nₑ) |
| Optical Symmetry [DKDP Crystal] | Negative Uniaxial (nₒ>nₑ) |
| Density [KDP Crystal] | 2.338 g/cm³ |
| Density [DKDP Crystal] | 2.355 g/cm³ |
| Mohs Hardness [KDP Crystal] | 2.5 |
| Mohs Hardness [DKDP Crystal] | 2.5 |
| Transmission Range [KDP Crystal; 98% Deuterium Content] | 200-2100nm |
| Transmission Range [DKDP Crystal] | 200-1650nm |
| Refractive Index [KDP Crystal; 1064nm] | nₒ = 1.4938; nₑ = 1.4599 @1064nm |
| Refractive Index [DKDP Crystal; 1064nm] | nₒ = 1.4948; nₑ = 1.4554 @1064nm |
| Longitudinal Half-Wave Voltage Vπ [KDP Crystal; λ=546nm] | Vπ=7.65KV |
| Longitudinal Half-Wave Voltage Vπ [DKDP Crystal; λ=546nm] | Vπ=2.98KV |
| Absorption [KDP Crystal] | 0.07/cm |
| Absorption [DKDP Crystal] | 0.006/cm |
| Flatness [Processing Specifications; 633nm] | ≤ λ/8 |
| Surface Quality [Processing Specifications; MIL-PRF-13830B] | 20-10 |
| Parallelism [Processing Specifications] | ≤ 20 arcsec |
| Deuteration Level [DKDP Crystal; FAQ] | Greater than 98 |
| Operating Relative Humidity [KDP/DKDP; Clean and Dry Environment] | Below 50 |
Applications
Key Features
Datasheet
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