Cr:GSGG
Gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (GSGG) codoped with chromium is an efficient laser material. Electro-optic shutter elements were first used to provide Q-switched operation of ruby lasers. Passive Q-switched ruby lasers were realized using saturable dye absorbers and colored glass containing compounds of selenium and cadmium sulfide. The operating characteristics of dye Q-switches in pulsed ruby lasers have been studied in recent years. However, dye degradation limits their durability, while glass Q-switches are susceptible to damage. Tetravalent-chromium-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet, Gd₃Sc₂Ga₃O₁₂ (Cr⁴⁺:GSGG), therefore first provided passive Q-switched ruby lasers with high reliability, durability, and efficiency. Cr:GSGG is a highly efficient and reliable crystal. Cr⁴⁺:GSGG was first used to provide a saturable-absorber Q-switch for ruby lasers. Conventional single-output-pulse operation (100mj and a duration of 27ns) achieved an efficiency of 25-30% relative to free-running ruby-laser operation. GSGG:Cr³⁺ is currently of interest as a broadband room-temperature laser material. The small separation between the ⁴T₂ and ²E electronic levels of Cr³⁺ can produce interesting spectral behavior. Studies of the temperature dependence of continuous-wave and transient luminescence found agreement with a Cr³⁺ host-site model in which the lowest-energy ²E and ⁴T₂ levels are approximately coincident at low temperature.
Overview
Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Refractive index at 1064 | 1.9424 nm |
| Temperature dependence of refractive index dn / dt (10⁻⁶ k⁻¹) | 10.9 |
| Elasto-optic constant - P11 | -0.012 ± 0.003 |
| Elasto-optic constant - P12 | 0.019 ± 0.003 |
| Elasto-optic constant - P44 | -0.0665 ± 0.0013 |
| Density | 6.495 g*cm⁻³ |
| Heat capacity | 0.4029 J*g⁻¹*K⁻¹ |
| Thermal conductivity (W*m⁻¹*K⁻¹) | 6 |
| Thermal expansion | 7.5 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.28 |
| Young's modulus | 210 GPa |
| Fracture toughness | 1.2 MPa |
| Thermal stress resistance (W*m⁻¹)^b | 660 |
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