NLO Crystal
NLO(Nonlinear) Crystals, means the crystals that can generate nonlinear optical effect from laser beam or electricity, magnetic field and strain field. Highly recommended NLO Crystals list from Yutai Optics: LBO, BBO, KTP, KTA, KDP, LiNbO3, MgO: LiNbO3. LBO (Lithium Triborate) crystals are excellent nonlinear crystal. For frequency doubling(SHG), tripling(THG) of Nd: YAG, Nd: YLF, Nd: YVO4 lasers, it is one of the most useful nonlinear optical materials in ultraviolet and visible laser applications. BBO (Beta-Barium Borate)crystals are important nonlinear optical crystals with combination of unique optical properties.Broad transmission and phase matching ranges, large nonlinear coefficient, high damage threshold and excellent optical homogeneity provide attractive possibilities for various nonlinear optical applications. KDP and DKDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate and Potassium) are one of the most widely-used commercial NLO materials, characterized by good UV transmission, high damage threshold, and high birefringence, though their NLO coefficients are relatively low. They are usually used for doubling, tripling and quadrupling of a Nd: YAG laser under the room temperature. In addition, they are also excellent electro-optic crystals with high electro-optic coefficients, widely used as electro-optical modulators, such as Q-switches, Pockels Cells, etc. KTP(Potassium Titanyl Phosphate) crystals are the most widely used material for frequency doubling of Nd-doped lasers, particularly at the low or medium power density. It is widely used for frequency mixing to generate Red/Green/Blue output, and for OPO and OPA to generate visible to mid-infrared tunable output. It is also used for many E-O devices such as Q-switches and E-O modulators. Potassium Titanyl Arsenate(KTiOAsO4), or KTA crystals, are excellent nonlinear optical crystal for Optical Parametric Oscillation (OPO) application. It has better non-linear optical and electro-optical coefficients, significantly reduced absorption in the 2.0-5.0 μm region, broad angular and temperature bandwidth, low dielectric constants. And its low ionic conductivity result in higher damage threshold compared with KTP.
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Fluoride Optical Window Optical Crystals CLZ-Optics
Fluoride optical windows include calcium fluoride (CaF2), barium fluoride (BaF2), lithium fluoride (LiF), and other crystals described as alkaline-earth-metal-ion fluorides. Transmission covers 0.11~12.5μm for UV/IR windows, lenses, prisms, waveplates, and objectives. Common materials: AlF3 evaporates to smooth surfaces at low electron-beam power and has the lowest index among listed fluorides. Approximately 2% transmission loss at 400nm results from fluorine deficiency, detectable in 150nm AlF3 films. At one tenth that required thickness, the UV effect is negligible. Despite somewhat higher absorption at 10μm, AlF3 has potential for high-energy IR. Excellent durability/adhesion supports high-energy laser coatings below 250nm. BaF2 has low absorption over 0.25~15μm and index 1.2-1.47 in the 0.19-13μm transparent range. Conventional BaF2 films absorb moisture and have low packing density. Low-energy ion assistance improves density/mechanical stability. Optimized BaF2 films provide low-index UV-to-far-IR coatings; low absorption and high damage threshold under 10.6μm irradiation suit high-power CO2 lasers (λ=10.6μm). CaF2: molecular weight 78.08; density 3.18; melting point 1360℃; boiling point 2500℃; evaporation temperature 1100℃ at 10-2Pa. Evaporate with tantalum/molybdenum/tungsten boats or quartz crucibles. Films transmit 150nm~12μm with time-varying index 1.36~1.42 related to deposition temperature. CaF2 films have poor mechanical/moisture resistance. Bulk calcium fluoride (CaF2), however, has good strength/moisture resistance and high transmission over 0.13um~11um for laser, IR, UV, and high-energy detection, serving prisms, lenses, and windows. It withstands 600°C at ambient pressure or 800°C in dry vacuum. Barium fluoride (BaF2) serves IR/UV windows and prisms. Lithium fluoride (LiF) has excellent vacuum-UV transmission for UV-visible-IR windows, lenses, prisms, and refractive optics. Changchun Longze specializes in fluoride windows for infrared and other technologies, with customization available.
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