Beam Splitter
A beam splitter, or dot-array splitter, is a basic diffractive optical element dividing one incident beam into several or many beams. Each retains the original beam's characteristics apart from power and propagation angle; initial diameter, divergence, and wavefront distribution are unchanged. Outputs can form one-dimensional arrays, two-dimensional arrays, or line-spot arrays, customized through the surface diffraction pattern. Beam count, interbeam angle, and line length and count are customizable. There is no limit to beam count:2,3, hundreds, or tens of thousands. Many standard products are offered, including one-dimensional1×N and two-dimensional M×N arrays. At1064nm alone, approximately100 standard models are available. One-dimensional options include one-to-two, one-to-four, one-to-six, and one-to-one-hundred; two-dimensional options include2×2,3×3,7×7,100×100,128×64, and up to a million beams. In laser marking and scribing, beam count directly affects throughput:two beams double single-beam processing efficiency. Spots may be closely adjacent or separated by an angle, with spacing from1~2mm to tens of millimeters or more than100mm, according to processing requirements. Overseas companies already offer mature solutions with high stability and efficiency. Custom output arrangements and shapes require laser wavelength, spot size, working distance, and each beam's divergence. Nonuniform energy distributions can also be customized for research:some specified orders may carry50W and others10W, with tightly controlled uniformity and consistency within those orders. The splitter can operate alone or with a focusing lens placed after it. Customers usually use a focusing lens and should determine focal length before assembly; fixed interbeam angles then determine spot spacing. Diffractive principles generally allow80% efficiency for two-beam splitters. For multiple beams, at least3, a binary multilevel structure offers85% to95%, with excess energy lost as stray light. For good splitting, the initial spot should be at least3-5 times the etched period; more than5 times is best.
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