Laser ultrasonic inspection instrument
Laser ultrasound is a noncontact, precise, nondestructive technique. Laser pulses excite ultrasound in a workpiece, and optical probing measures propagation to obtain thickness, internal and surface defects, and material parameters. It combines ultrasonic accuracy with noncontact optics, offering subnanometer sensitivity and GHz bandwidth. Focused laser energy transfers to an elastic material as heat and stress-wave energy. Excitation-beam geometry controls energy distribution and material effects. Rapid laser-surface heating creates strain and stress through thermoelastic effects, or less commonly ablation, generating ultrasound. At lower absorbed energy, heating stays below melting and transient expansion creates mostly elastic stress waves: the thermoelastic regime. At higher energy, vaporization and plasma formation produce a surface-normal reaction force and an elastic-wave source: the ablative regime. In the thermoelastic region, stress-wave magnitude is proportional to absorbed optical energy. A one-dimensional model describes uniform illumination, with surface stress/strain proportional to absorbed energy. Generated waves include longitudinal, transverse and surface waves. Propagation depends on absorption, thermal conductivity, excitation frequency and surface smoothness. Configurations include laser generation with optical reception, laser generation with piezoelectric reception, and piezoelectric generation with laser-interferometric reception. Industrial applications include online laser-weld monitoring, wind-turbine blade inspection, aircraft lap-joint corrosion detection, hot ceramics, metals and composites, electronic/semiconductor package inspection and coating-defect detection. The company supplies laser-source components and complete research and industrial systems.
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