Nd:YAP
Nd:YAP has the chemical formula Nd³⁺_: YAlO₃ and a distorted-perovskite structure in the oblique hexagonal crystal system, with space group Pbnm. Its a, b and c axes are mutually perpendicular, and it is described as a negative uniaxial, anisotropic crystal. Among neodymium-doped laser crystals, Nd:YAP combines high thermal conductivity with a large stimulated-emission cross section at the ⁴F₃/₂–⁴ I₁₃/₂ transition. It is among the most efficient known laser crystals for high-power operation at 1300nm and is primarily LD-pumped. Lasers at 1300nm are widely used in medicine, fiber communication and military applications. Water absorbs well in this band, providing good hemostatic capability for treatments including hemostasis, neurosurgery, pathological-tissue removal and wrinkle treatment. Natural birefringence also helps overcome thermal depolarization and supports nonlinear frequency conversion.
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Overview
Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Material | Nd: YAP |
| Orientation | <5° |
| Parallelism | ≤10″ |
| Perpendicularity | ≤5′ |
| Surface Quality | 10-5 (MIL-O-13830A) |
| Wavefront distortion [@633nm] | λ/8 @ 633nm |
| Surface Flatness [@632.8nm] | ≤ λ/10 @632.8nm |
| Clear Aperture Dimension | >95 % |
| Length Tolerance | +0.5/-0mm |
| Thickness / Diameter Tolerance | ±0.05 mm |
| Damage Threshold | ≥500MW/cm² |
| Crystal Structure | Orthorhombic– Pbnm |
| Lattice constant | a=5,176, b=5,307, c=7,355 |
| Density | 5,35 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 1870°C |
| Thermal conductivity | 0,11 W/(cm K) |
| Thermo-optic coefficient dn / dT | na:9.7×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ nc:14.5×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ |
| Thermal expansion [@ 25°C] | 9.5 (a axis), 4.3 (b axis), 10.8 (c axis) |
| Hardness | 8.5 Mohs |
| Shear modulus | 2.2×10¹² dyn/cm² |
| Specific heat | 400 J/(kg K) |
| Linearity Dispersion δn/δT | 9.7 (na) |
| Laser transition | ⁴F₃/₂→⁴I₉/₂ 930 nm ⁴F₃/₂→⁴I₁₁/₂ 1079 nm |
| Laser transition | ⁴F₃/₂→⁴I₁₃/₂ 1340 nm ⁴F₃/₂→⁴I₁₃/₂ 1432 nm |
| Laser Wavelength | 930nm 1079nm 1340nm |
| Fluorescence lifetime | 170ms |
| Refractive Index [@1064 nm] | na=1,929, nb=1,943, nc=1,952 |
| Emission cross section [Wavelength (nm)：1079 / b-cut：1.76 / c-cut：1.38 / a-cut] | 2.05 10⁻¹⁹cm² |
| Emission cross section [Wavelength (nm)：1079 / a-cut：2.05 / c-cut：1.38 / b-cut] | 1.76 10⁻¹⁹cm² |
| Emission cross section [Wavelength (nm)：1079 / a-cut：2.05 / b-cut：1.76 / c-cut] | 1.38 10⁻¹⁹cm² |
| Emission cross section [Wavelength (nm)：1340 / b-cut：0.97 / c-cut：0.78 / a-cut] | 1.13 10⁻¹⁹cm² |
| Emission cross section [Wavelength (nm)：1340 / a-cut：1.13 / c-cut：0.78 / b-cut] | 0.97 10⁻¹⁹cm² |
| Emission cross section [Wavelength (nm)：1340 / a-cut：1.13 / b-cut：0.97 / c-cut] | 0.78 10⁻¹⁹cm² |
| Emission cross section [Wavelength (nm)：1432 / b-cut] | 0.34 10⁻¹⁹cm² |
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