Optical Prism
A prism is a transparent polyhedron, typically glass/crystal, bounded by intersecting nonparallel planes for splitting/dispersion and widely used in optics. Dispersing prisms separate composite light into spectra, commonly using equilateral triangular forms. Total-reflection prisms redirect light/image positions in periscopes or binoculars, commonly using right-angle forms. The description states that Newton discovered dispersion in 1666 but Chinese observers recognized it earlier: in the tenth century, sunlit transparent crystals were called 五光石 or 放光石 and described as producing rainbow colors. It presents this as recognition of a natural phenomenon rather than mystery, about seven centuries before Newton used a triangular prism to split sunlight into seven colors and explain white light as their combination.
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