Single-crystal germanium wafer
Germanium (Ge) is the preferred lens and window material for infrared imaging from 8μm to 12μm. Its high refractive index permits minimal surface curvature and makes it ideal for low-power imaging, with little chromatic aberration and usually no correction required. Most widely used for infrared lenses and windows from 2μm to 12μm, it also forms high-index attenuated-total-reflection (ATR) prisms for spectroscopy. Its refractive index makes it an effective natural 50% beamsplitter without a coating, and it is widely used as a filter substrate. Covering the entire 8–14μm thermal band, it serves thermal-imaging lens systems. A diamond AR coating can produce an extremely rugged front optical element.
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Overview
Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Crystal Type | Cubic |
| Lattice Parameter | 5.657 Å |
| Transmission Band | 2-12 μm |
| Mohs Hardness | 6.3 |
| Density | 5.33 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 937 ℃ |
| Refractive Index [10.6μm] | 4.0032 |
| Resistivity | 5-40 ohm-cm |
| Young's Modulus | 103 GPa |
| Thermal Expansion | 6.1x10⁻⁶ |
| Thermal Conductivity | 167 mcal/cm/s/k |
| Material | Ge |
| Dimension Tolerance | +0.0/-0.1 |
| Thickness Tolerance | ±0.1 mm |
| Surface quality | 60/40 |
| Clear Aperture | >85 % |
| Flatness [633nm] | λ/2 |
| Parallelism (Centration) | 3' |
Datasheet
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