High-/Ultra-High-Voltage Oil-Immersed Transformer Temperature-Monitoring System
Transformers are important electrical equipment. During long-term operation,resistance and leakage flux heat internal connecting rods,fasteners,coils and cores. This can raise oil temperature,decompose insulating oil,reduce oil quality,increase internal pressure and weaken insulation,potentially causing explosions,burnout,accidents and widespread power outages. The source’s background discussion states normal insulating-oil temperatures within105°Cand coil-winding temperatures within140°C,localized mild overheating at170–200°C,severe overheating at300–400°C,and temperatures of700–1000°Cat some rods and fasteners. Oil and winding temperatures depend on environment and load. High insulation requirements and strong electromagnetic interference previously prevented monitoring at these internal hot spots; bulk oil-temperature measurement or analysis of decomposition gases could not identify exact local temperatures,overheating causes or the significance of individual hot spots. This limited early hazard prediction and feedback for transformer design. This solution uses fiber-Bragg-grating temperature sensing to measure likely hot spots directly. Features include resistance to electromagnetic interference and corrosion,a monitoring site without electrical signals,high reliability,long life,real-time24-hour monitoring,multiple simple alarm methods,and compatibility and expandability. Safety measures require materials compatible with transformer oil,good electrical insulation meeting breakdown-voltage requirements,and suitable surface-creepage performance. Sensors use anFBGstring without fusion splices between sensors,special protective packaging against electrical breakdown,and special gratings that continue measuring during brief temperatures above300°C. Fixing materials are standard transformer-factory materials; dedicated installation/routing procedures provide standardized guidance. Transformer vibration does not affect measurement accuracy. Outdoor fiber cable between transformer and host resists tension,compression,water,rodent damage and corrosion. The interface board maintains optical transmission with insertion loss≤0.3dBand withstands5barpressure to prevent oil leakage.
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Overview
Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature Measurement Accuracy | ±1℃ |
| Resolution | -0.1℃ |
| Temperature Measurement Range | -50~300℃ |
| Sensor Lifetime | 20 yr |
| Interface-Board Insertion Loss [Transformer Interface Board] | ≤0.3dB |
| Interface-Board Pressure Resistance [Transformer Interface Board] | 5Bar |
| Sensor Temperature-Measurement Capability [SpecialFBG;Brief Exposure] | >300℃ |
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